WHAT IS AN ADAPTER

Friends ,
Here we shall try to learn how actually an adaptor works. Is there a way to build one by hands on? Why does we actually require an adaptor works?

In normal language :

"Adapter" is a person who is able to adapt, to change himself or his 

approach when the environment around him changes.

ACCORDING TO WIKIPEDIA:

An adapter or adapter is a person that adapts or device that converts attributes of one device or system to those of an otherwise incompatible device or system.

TWO TYPES OF ADAPTERS ARE PRESENT:

1,

Alternating Current Adaptors

• According to The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, alternating current (AC) is "an electric current that reverses direction in a circuit at regular intervals." This means that the amount of current (measured in amperes, or amps) goes from positive to negative at a regular interval. This interval is measured in cycles per second, or hertz (abbreviated Hz).
  An AC adaptor is used to convert one AC voltage into another AC voltage. For example, you may see an AC adaptor that converts voltage from a wall outlet into 12 volts alternating current (abbreviated as 12 V AC). In the United States, that would mean that the voltage was converted from 120 V AC to 12 V AC.

  An AC adaptor will also be rated for maximum power output in watts. Watt's Law (named after James Watt, an 18th century Scottish engineer) states that 1 watt (1 W) is how much power there is in an electrical circuit where 1 amp (1 A) of current flows across a difference of 1 volt (1 V). Therefore, a 12 V AC adaptor rated at 36 W will have a maximum output of 3 A.

  Unless the AC adaptor changes the interval at which the current reverses direction, AC adaptors will only be rated at the input interval (such as 60 Hz for the United States).

2.

Direct Current Adaptors

• The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language defines direct current (DC) as "an electric current flowing in one direction only." Therefore, the direct current remains flowing in a constant direction, with no changes in frequency or polarity (changing from positive to negative).

  A DC adaptor differs from an AC adaptor in that the DC adaptor converts AC electricity into DC electricity. For example, a 12 V DC adaptor sold in the United States will convert 120 V AC at 60 Hz into 12 V DC.

  Like its AC counterpart, a DC adaptor is also rated for maximum power output in watts. Therefore, a 12 V DC adaptor rated at 36 W will also be capable of a maximum output of 3 A, but the difference is that the current is constant, flowing in one direction, rather than the constantly reversing alternating current that the AC adaptor puts out.

  Warning

  

  • While AC and DC adaptors are rated using similar terminology and units, the outputs of these adaptors are very different. Due to the nature of its constantly-reversing electrical current, AC electricity can damage some electrical circuits that were designed for DC electricity. Similarly, DC electricity will cause excess heat in some electrical components, such as transformers, thus causing them to be damaged or destroyed.

  
  
  

  Instructions

  1. • 1
       Unplug the AC/DC adapter from the wall outlet. Unplug the adapter from the electronic device.
     • 2
       Record the correct output voltage for a properly working AC/DC adapter. Locate this information on the adapter's label. Look for language such as "Output Voltage VDC."
     • 3
       Turn the multimeter's range selector knob to "VDC." Plug the black lead into the jack marked "COM." Plug the red lead into the jack marked "V."
     • 4
       Insert the red voltage probe into the center of the adapter's output jack.
     • 5
       Plug the adapter's power cord into the wall outlet. Place the black voltage probe onto the outside ring of the adapter's output jack. Do not allow the two voltage probes to touch each other.
     • 6
       Read the voltage on the multimeter's display. The AC/DC adapter is faulty if you see a lower voltage than the label specifies. Move and bend the cable near the output jack from side to side. The cable is damaged if the voltage reading fluctuates.

       SOURCE:

       WWW.EHOW.COM

       TO BE CONTINUED..............

  
  

\

BRAIN DRAIN.........GOOD OR BAD

Let us start with a general example:

Imagine a society where people are being manufactured, trained, fed and brought up hoping that they would serve the society and build the nation. After the training, they chose to build some other nation. This is what's happening in many developing countries.........

1. Is the government mad enough to use the revenue of the people's pay on these stuff? Its just like feeding other countries for free,
 2. Is it justified! because you thought you are creating a service minded product, but it turned out to be a business minded one...........

I heard one of my friend saying, "There is nothing an issue like going and working in abroad, because you're showing how capable your country is, in the outer world, how intelligent you are...
  Just think for a moment, if we are that efficient, why are we being consistently marked as a developing country? If we are that capable, why are we still lagging in application development?
If we are really that capable, why don't we make ourselves as the number one in IT industry?

If we are that capable, why are our global standards still very low,
=>Can't the government just speak out the problems with products they develop?
=>Can't they ask their products to set up goals to build a strong nation? Instead we boast ourselves that we are accepted by MNC'S that never develops india......

When Nehru initiated the IIT’s in India, his plan was to encourage the best talent in India for the development of India. His dream was half realized. The talent was developed in India but the talent has left to the US, for better salaries and life. Pre-90′s life was a filled with little entrepreneurship and a lot of socialism. This is not what the young and educated wanted. India just could not provide the kind of life Indian educated need. In fact, the IIT graduates were the biggest exports to the US until India’s software exports came along.

- source from web

  According to wikipedia, "brain drain", is the large-scale emigration of a large group of individuals with technical skills or knowledge. The reasons usually include two aspects which respectively come from countries and individuals. In terms of countries, the reasons may be social environment (in source countries: lack of opportunities, political instability, economic depression, health risks, etc.; in host countries: rich opportunities, political stability and freedom, developed economy, better living conditions, etc.). In terms of individual reasons, there are family influence (overseas relatives), and personal preference: preference for exploring, ambition for an improved career, etc. Although the term originally referred to technology workers leaving a nation, the meaning has broadened into: "the departure of educated or professional people from one country, economic sector, or field for another, usually for better pay or living conditions".^[1]Brain drain is usually regarded as an economic cost, since emigrants usually take with them the fraction of value of their training sponsored by the government or other organizations. It is a parallel of capital flight, which refers to the same movement of financial capital. Brain drain is often associated with de-skilling of emigrants in their country of destination, while their country of emigration experiences the draining of skilled individuals.

What is good in brain drain?

The answer just simple,there's nothing helpful for Indian government,i think are virtually plotted as

simple fools,who spend huge amount of money what you called prestigious institutes,they run 

away with huge tag line to work for brand companies which pay huge revenues U.S.A.

The good is only happening personally,they look for better pay,good comfort,showing the 

greatness that they work  for THE BRAND U.S.A.,,.Its not greatness actually what we call in hindi 

just like a 'DOKHA' to Indian government.

They might be expanding the Indian community through out the world but 'whats up man!'.

RECESSION CHANGING  TREND!

BRAIN DRAIN been one of the prime reasons why India has not been able to establish 

itself as an R&D hub. We pat our back on being the Outsourcing giants and expanding 

India’s global footprint. However, ever since 26/11 happened and later with the U.S.

 economy recession

 A new trend was cited to be emerging-Reverse Brain Drain.

However, in the last 3-4 years there have been signs of reverse brain drain happening even though 

i have questioned whether the reverse brain drain is real primarily because the education and 

research infrastructure in the country has not improved drastically.

But the times, they are changing! More and more folks are looking forward to come back to the 

roots and put their talent to use right here in India and hopefully in some cases for India.

There has been a double digit increase in Indian origin and NRI senior executives shifting base to India.

There has been an up to 20% increase in the number of CEO movements compared with last year,

 as persons of Indian origin and non-resident Indians return home
Major executive recruitment firms are reporting a constantly increasing number of senior 

executives in the US, Europe considering a move to India for good. A look into the economic

 environment is enough to suggest that this trend of senior executives relocating is not entirely 

driven by the desire to return to homeland and participate in the betterment of the country a.k.a 

Global economic environment is the biggest driver for reverse brain drain. Even as countries like 

US and Europe battle with debt crisis and high unemployment, India has grown very well in the past

 few years and despite inflationary pressures, it is expected to outpace the growth in the developed countries.
Additionally, there has been major improvements in the education infrastructure in the country. 

Major foreign universities have shown interest in setting campuses in India and even though the 

pace might be slow, there is a window of opportunity for talent students to chase their dream right here in India.
Sectoral demand is another driver for increasing reverse brain drain. Industry sectors like Pharma 

need senior management level folks with global experience and understanding of the nitty-gritties 

of navigating the global markets. This has created opportunities for senior executives working in 

the US or Europe to consider relocating to India to take on new challenges while at the same

 maintaining the fat pay packets they are used to.                                                                                    

Lets hope the same thing continues show how strong is India is by relocating all our efficient resources and proving them the required platform to establish braing an econmic turnaround here.

38% of US docs, 36% of NASA scientists are Indians

'

Shyam Bhaskaran, scientist attached to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Indian scientist studying nature of Martian rocks

 If you thought that Global Indian Takeover was just a hollow cliche leaning on a few iconic successes like Pepsi's Indra Nooyi, Citibank's Vikram Pandit and steelworld's Lakshmi Mittal, there is a slew of statistics now to give it solid ballast.

The extent to which desis have made an impact in the US was reeled off in the Rajya Sabha, as many as 12% scientists and 38% doctors in the US are Indians, and in Nasa, 36% or almost 4 out of 10 scientists are Indians.

-sk.imame azam

Indian Engineering Service

                        Indian Engineering Services

I am very eager to write about this exam on the blog,this exam info. was first said by my professor when i was studying btech second year and i am amased by the value given by government to an engineer.

There will be know no better option than this because,u are going to work for your country as an engineer,proud moment for any graduate,common guys take it,feel and arise your passion and patriotism towards your country.

Indian Engineering Services (IES/ES) constitute of engineers that work under the government of India to manage a large segment of public sector economy which constitutes of Railroads, Public works, Power, Telecommunications, etc.

A combined competitive examination is conducted by the Union Public Services Commission (UPSC) for recruitment to the Indian Engineering Services. The Examination constitutes of a written examination followed by an interview for personality test.

The recruitment of qualified candidates are made under the following categories:

Category – I Civil Engineering

(i) Indian Railway Service of Engineers

(ii) Indian Railway Stores Service

(iii) Central Engineering Service

(iv) Military Engineer Service (Building and Roads Cadre)

(v) Central Water Engineering

(vii) Assistant Executive Engineer

(viii) Survey of India Service

Category – I Mechanical Engineering

(i) Indian Railway Service of Mechanical Engineers

(ii) Indian Railway Stores Service

(iii) Central Water Engineering Service

(iv) Indian Ordnance Factories Service

(v) Indian Naval Armament Service

(vi) Assistant Executive Engineer (in Ministry of Defence)

(vii) Assistant Naval Store officer Grade I in Indian Navy

(viii) Central Electrical & Mechanical Engineering Service

(ix) Assistant Executive Engineer (in Boarder Roads Engineering Service)

(x) Mechanical Engineer (in Geological Survey of India)

Category – I Electrical Engineering

(i) Indian Railway Service of Electrical Engineers

(ii) Indian Railway Stores Service

(iii) Central Electrical & Mechanical Engineering Service

(iv) Indian Naval Armament Service

(v) Military Engineer Service

(vi) Assistant Executive Engineer (in Ministry of Defence)

(vii) Assistant Naval Store (in Indian Navy)

Category – I Electronics and Telecommunication 

Engineering

i) Indian Railway Service of Signal Engineers

(ii) Indian Railway Stores Service

(iii) Indian Ordnance Factories Service

(iv) Indian Naval Armament Service

(v) Assistant Executive Engineer (in Ministry of Defence)

(vi) Engineer in Wireless Planning and Coordination Wing/Monitoring Organisation

(vii) Assistant Naval Stores officer (in Indian Navy)

(viii) Survey of IS

Syllabus

IES exam has some sections like objective type papers in engineering subject

 areas subjective papers different based on different engineering streams. IES

 is relatively a tough exam as it has a broader syllabus covering the specific 

engineering stream in depth.

 

Paper I (Objective type) - General Ability Test(Part A: General English)(Part B:

 General Studies) 200 Marks each 

Papers II & III (Objective type) Civil Engineering/Mechanical

 Engineering/Electrical Engineering/Electronics & Tele-Communication Engineering 

200 Marks each 
Papers IV & V (Descriptive) Civil Engineering/Mechanical 

Engineering/Electrical Engineering/Electronics & Tele-communication 

Engineering200 Marks each

Total marks for written exam - 1000 Marks

Personality TestPersonality test is the personal interview conducted by UPSC. The total marks for interview is 200. 
Syllabus of IES
General Ability Test - Paper I Papers II & III (Objective type) Civil Engineering/Mechanical Engineering/Electrical Engineering/Electronics & Tele-Communication Engineering 200 Marks each Papers IV & V (Descriptive) Civil Engineering/Mechanical Engineering/Electrical Engineering/Electronics & Tele-communication Engineering200 Marks eachTotal marks for written exam - 1000 MarksPersonality TestPersonality test is the personal interview conducted by UPSC. The total marks for interview is 200. Syllabus of IESGeneral Ability Test - Paper I 

• Part A-General English: It covers English grammar. It helps in understanding the knowledge of candidates in global language.

• Part B- General Studies: It covers current affairs, Indian history and Geography.

Civil Engineering

• Paper I - Building Materials'

• 
  

• Paper II - Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower, Hydrology, Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Engineering

Mechanical Engineering Syllabus

• Paper I – Thermodynamics, Heat transfer and Refrigeration and Air- Conditioning, Fluid Mechanics, Fluid Machinery and Steam Generators

• Paper II - Theory of Mechanics, Machine Design, Strength of Materials, Engineering Materials, Production Engineering, Industrial Engineering

Electrical Engineering

• Paper I - EM Theory, Electrical Materials, Electrical Circuits, Measurements and Instrumentation, Control Systems

• Paper II - Electrical Machines and Power Transformers, Power Systems, Analog and Digital Electronics and Circuits, Micro processors, Communication Systems, Power Electronics

Electronics & Tele-communication Engineering

• Paper I - Materials and Components, Physical Electronics, Electron Devices and ICs, Signals and Systems, Network Theory, Electromagnetic Theory, Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation

• Paper II - Analog Electronic Circuits, Digital Electronic Circuits, Control Systems, Communication Systems, Microwave Engineering, Computer Engineering

Coaching Institutes

• Vidyamandir

• Brilliant Tutorials

• FIIT JEE

• Amity

Qualification Criteria for IESCandidates must have Engineering degree ( 

BE/Btech) from a recognized university or equivalent. Those students 

appearing for final semester exam are also allowed to appear for this 

subjected to them submitting the degree certificates at the time of 

recruitment. Candidates who have qualified MSc degree or equivalent in areas 

like Wireless Communications, Electronics, Radio Physics or Radio Engineering 

can also apply for IES exam. Applicants should be of age group 21 to 30. 

Application Procedure for IESElectronically scanned application forms along

 with the information brochure can be obtained from the designated Head 

Post Offices/ Post Offices throughout the country. Information on these post 

offices can be obtained in the notification issued by UPSC. Notifications are 

issues in the months of January and February usually. The duly filled 

application form has to be sent to - Secretary, Union Public Service 

Commission, Dholpur House, New Delhi – 110011. UPSC’s notification will be 

issued in almost all major national and local newspapers. Official Inquiries on IES

• Address: Union Public Service Commission, Dholpur House, New Delhi – 110011.

• Phone Nos: 011- 23098543/23385271

• Website URL: http://www.upsc.gov.in/

Read: Indian Engineering Services 2012 Exam Details http://educationcareer.in/indian-engineering-services-2824.html#ixzz1vzzfEVlS: Cutt off: Interview session: 1.The interview panel generally keeps you comfortable and more liberal. they expect you to be strong in present areas.You be strong in basic concepts,current affairs like terrorism,recession/what is HOT at resent,Abount railways 2.First they start with few HR questions like tell me abut yourself/current hot topics and after that,they start technical part(mostly basic) 3.Interview panel contains 5 members (4+1) ech persons and 1 panel head.continue your explanation till you ask to stop.Answer boldly.Maintain good communications.They maay give some white sheets may ask you to write/draw/explain some thing. 4.All interview will around 85%technical and 15% non technical.Salary offered15600(basic)+5400(grade)+da+hra+others,,,,,,,,,,, gross would be around 36000/month, to be continued ......................................

source:
1.http://www.upscguide.com